Direct Popular Vote 1990 - 2024

Description	The Direct Popular Vote Index measures the extent to which institutionalized mechanisms of direct democracy—such as initiatives, referendums, and plebiscites—are used at the national level. It captures citizen participation in decision-making on specific policy issues through secret ballots, excluding representative elections, recall votes, or informal consultative processes. Higher values indicate more frequent and meaningful use of direct popular voting mechanisms.
Unit of measure	Index

Description

The Direct Popular Vote Index measures the extent to which institutionalized mechanisms of direct democracy—such as initiatives, referendums, and plebiscites—are used at the national level. It captures citizen participation in decision-making on specific policy issues through secret ballots, excluding representative elections, recall votes, or informal consultative processes. Higher values indicate more frequent and meaningful use of direct popular voting mechanisms.

Unit of measure

Index

Source: V-Dem Institute

Data source: Link

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	China
1990	0.000
1991	0.000
1992	0.000
1993	0.000
1994	0.000
1995	0.000
1996	0.000
1997	0.000
1998	0.000
1999	0.000
2000	0.000
2001	0.000
2002	0.000
2003	0.000
2004	0.000
2005	0.000
2006	0.000
2007	0.000
2008	0.000
2009	0.000
2010	0.000
2011	0.000
2012	0.000
2013	0.000
2014	0.000
2015	0.000
2016	0.000
2017	0.000
2018	0.000
2019	0.000
2020	0.000
2021	0.000
2022	0.000
2023	0.000
2024	0.000

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Direct Popular Vote 1990 - 2024

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