Global ranking - R&D spending 2022

Description	Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Unit of measure	%
Aggregate operator	Average

Source: Unesco

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Attention, following countries are not included in this rankings: Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States

	2022
Portugal (1°)	1.73
Canada (2°)	1.55
Egypt (3°)	1.02
Serbia (4°)	0.97
Russian Federation (5°)	0.94
Belarus (6°)	0.48
Saudi Arabia (7°)	0.46
Kenya (8°)	0.41
Macedonia (9°)	0.38
Ukraine (10°)	0.33
Oman (11°)	0.28
Mexico (12°)	0.27
Georgia (13°)	0.24
Moldova (14°)	0.23
Armenia (15°)	0.21
Bosnia Herzegovina (16°)	0.19
Panama (17°)	0.18
Peru (18°)	0.16
Uzbekistan (19°)	0.16
Azerbaijan (20°)	0.15
Kazakhstan (21°)	0.12
Mongolia (22°)	0.09
Kuwait (23°)	0.08
Kyrgyzstan (24°)	0.08
Myanmar (25°)	0.04

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Global ranking - R&D spending 2022

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